BANGUI IS OUR FUTURE? ''June 26, 1889 to June 26, 2010: One hundred twenty-one years.''
"Where the willingness is great reduce the difficulties. "
Nicolas Machiavelli" Knowledge is knowing it. "Clement Bout Mbamba
General Considerations: June 26, 1889 to June 26, 2010. A hundred twenty-one years that the city was founded Bangui1. The news of recent weeks and during the celebration of the hundred and twenty-first birthday we provide mobile duty to stop a moment and take a look at Bangui, because his future is as the CAR.
Ranked African city last and penultimate city in the world where life is good by the American firm MERCER May 26, 2010, or one month of the anniversary of its founding, the city of Bangui merit that we take a time to think deeply his fate, because what is happening here every day can not fail to concern us all, or were we not Bangui.
This ranking of cities in which to live or less is based on several criteria among which: political and social environment, health, education, entertainment, consumer ...
As if this bad news there was not enough, the ranking DoingBusiness 2009 of the International Finance Corporation (World Bank Group) puts the Central African Republic last among the countries in the world in which to invest and / or do business.
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1 Until 1911 it was still writing Bangha
This classification, like the above is based on certain criteria, including:
- ease of doing business,
- entrepreneurship,
- granting of permission ,
- employing workers,
- transfer of ownership,
- obtaining financial loans,
- investor protection,
- tax payments,
- cross-border trade,
- contract enforcement,
- closures.
When
assumes that Bangui is by far the first place economic and financial of our country first, and secondly the majority of activities are there or have their seats, we can validly restrict the information provided in this report DoingBusiness 2009 in Bangui. Then, considering the time traveled, and nearly a quarter century now, many questions arise. What Bangui, and where is she?
I: Discovering Bangui Geography 
Bangui, Central African Republic, is located between 4 ° 21 'and 4 ° 26' north latitude and 18 ° 32 'east longitude. It is bounded on the south by the Ubangi River, which borders the Democratic Republic of Congo, north by the municipality of BEGWA (PK12), west by the municipality of KPALE (BIMBO) and the East Valley the Landja.
Set in a natural depression, the city of Bangui is situated on the borders of the Oubangui River valley and its tributary, the Mpoko. Some backwaters, namely: Ngoubagara, Ngounguélé, Sayévoar, Nguito, Landjia, Guitangola, Kwang, etc.., Now under the negative influence of the drying climate and chaotic human intervention, complete the drainage system throughout the city of Bangui. All harmoniously framed by a series of successive chains of hills and mountains and GBAZABANGI Daouba-Kasai.
Plain
an area less than 360 meters, Bangui has many swampy areas very well pronounced on soil and clay loam. The presence of the Hills Gbazabangui breaks the continuity of the city from east to west, creating a clear line of division between east, with the sets Ouango, Kasai and Gbangouma and Western dominated by a vast marshy plain. Bangui Region consists of a succession of lowland areas in contact with the hills. It is characterized by two subsets of reliefs that are
- the presence of two parallel chains of hills of north-south direction, and Gbazabangui Daouba-Kasai, Kasai hills being separated from those of the corridor Gbazabangui Ndre;
- the plain to the western hills Gbazabangui, with an average altitude of 350 m in the immediate vicinity of the river Oubangui and M'Poko.
The climate of the city of Bangui is the type Guinean forest with the alternation of two seasons: a rainy goes from May to November and a dry season from December to April.
The annual mean maximum temperature is 32.4 ° C for an average moisture content above 50%. The average annual rainfall in Bangui is in the order of 1500 mm / year.
There are two types of vegetation, the forest is situated on the hill Gbazabangui the South, and Savannah is the result of human actions (deforestation, bush fires ...). Covering an area of approximately 2 km ² in 1912, Bangui and its suburbs cover an area in 2010 about 94 km ².
History Créé le 26 juin 18892 par Uzac et Michel Dolisie en provenance de Brazzaville, le poste militaire colonial de Bangui est installé à l’époque en amont sur les bords du fleuve, là où l’Oubangui ne permet plus de naviguer(les rapides de Bangui). Les actes signés par le Gouverneur le 4 octobre 1911 à Brazzaville, capitale de l’Afrique équatoriale française, donnèrent à Bangui le statut de commune.
Plus tard, avec l'arrivée des colons et le développement des comptoirs des villages africains, suivant un schéma discriminatoire, se sont regroupés, à des distances notables, autour d’un quartier administratifcommercial. Sur ce fond, the city continued to grow steadily westwards, south-west and north into the marshes. Only 16 June 1946, almost 57 years after the birth of the counter fast Bangui, a decree established the first urban plan of the city. Since then, Bangui has continued to grow and spatial population.
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2 This date refers to the actual presence of these European explorers on the ground of what is today Bangui. According to archive documents that no one disputes, Bangui, as human settlement already existed at the time.
Administration The municipality of Bangui is administered by a "special delegation" that the president shall act as mayor. Like all territorial officials at this level, the President of the Special Delegation of Bangui is appointed by decree of the Head of State.
The town of Bangui is under the Ministry of Interior responsible for administering the territory. Under the Act of January 13, 1996, the city of Bangui is the region 7 which should, according to orders of 12 and 19 February 1998, be normally administered by a prefect. Notwithstanding these legal provisions, the region remains No. 7 under the direct administration of the Ministry of Interior.
Organized in Districts, in clubs and districts, the city has eight districts of Bangui, sixteen hundred and five groups and two quarters and a special delegation (City Hall). Each district is headed by a mayor also appointed by the Administration, which reports its activities to the Special Delegation.
the last parliamentary elections (2005), The area of Bangui had sent nine members to the National Assembly.
Both political and economic capital, Bangui regroups all the activities of central government and the vast majority of public and private services. It forms a continuous urban with the neighboring municipality of Bimbo inhabited almost 20% of the population of the city of Bangui. They speak French and Sango.
population 
In 1911, the city of Bangui were 2000 inhabitants. This number increased to 22,000 in 1934 to reach 650,000 in 1998. In 2009 it is estimated that its population and its suburbs for more than a million souls. With une densité de 10753 habitants au km² soit environ 1920 fois la densité au km² de la RCA et environ 25% de la population de la RCA. Sa population représente 42% de la population urbaine centrafricaine.
Selon les spécialistes, la population de Bangui atteindra 1.200.000 habitants en 2020.
C'est une population extrêmement jeune. D'après les données du dernier recensement général de la population, les moins de 35 ans représentent 81,29% de la population globale et la proportion est encore plus élevée si l'on considère les moins de 15
ans: 42,38% de la population. Les femmes représentent 51% et les hommes 49%.
II: Les Problèmes de Bangui 1: Energy • 91.7% of household energy needs are met from Bangui firewood.
• 8% of households using coal Bangui associated with wood.
• 0.3% of households in Bangui use other resources: oil, gas, electricity.
2: Water • 75% of households get their water Bangui SODECA terminals with an average path estimated at 30 minutes;
• 8% of households in Bangui have a household connection to piped water;
• 12% of households Bangui use wells "said protected" with an average of eight wells households.
• Bangui 5% of households get their water from unprotected sources.
• The multiple use of water without care: tap water, traditional water wells and rain.
• Lack of local political access to drinking water.
• Insufficient SODECA terminals. •
treatment system and distribution unreliable
3: Electricity •
85.5% of households use the Bangui lantern for light.
• 10% of households Bangui have access to electricity.
• 4.5% of households in Bangui use the stake for lighting. • Low electrification
neighborhoods. • Shedding
permanent. •
supply difficulties due to the absence of a clear policy.
4: Habitat • Prevalence of poor housing in the city of Bangui.
• 34% of households live in dwellings Bangui qualified slum where more than 80% have no access to drinking water in areas not serviced about 60%.
• Only 44.2% of dwellings Bangui have a system of sanitation.
• Only 0.5% of Bangui homes have floors covered with tiles.
• 1.6% of Bangui homes have plank floors. • 85.2%
housing Bangui have a dirt floor.
• 12.6% of Bangui homes have floors covered with cement.
• 3.2% of dwellings Bangui have walls made of straw.
• 9% of homes have the Bangui mud walls.
• 79.8% of homes have Bangui brick walls.
• 2.9% of homes Bangui have cement walls.
• 2.5% of dwellings have Bangui baked brick walls
• 1.4% of dwellings have Bangui wooden walls.
• 86.8% of homes have Bangui coated corrugated iron. • 12.3%
housing Bangui have a coating of straw which
24% for only the seventh arrondissement.
• About 1% of homes have a coating Bangui tile or cement.
5: Health • the ability of the Community Hospital of Bangui is 1001 beds capacity is 29.64 hospitalière nationale dont 25% pour les services de maternité.
•Une inégale répartition des formations sanitaires(privée et publique): 25% sont situées dans le 1er arrondissement dont les deux principaux hôpitaux du pays alors que le poids démographique de ce dernier le place au 8ème rang des arrondissements de Bangui soit exactement 1,87% de la population Banguissoise. Cet arrondissement dispose à lui seul de 458 lits soit 45,75% de la capacité hospitalière de Bangui et 13,56% de la capacité hospitalière nationale répartis entre l’Hôpital Communautaire(150 lits), le Centre National Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bangui(105 lits) et le Complexe Pédiatrique(203 beds)
• There are 50 doctors for the city of Bangui, which gives us a ratio of one doctor per 20,833 Bangui. •
seroprevalence rate HIV / AIDS in Bangui is 14%
• The prevalence rate of typhoid was 15%
• 9.34% of the population suffers from Bangui skin disease.
• Malaria is the biggest killer disease in Bangui. An hospitalization of two is associated with malaria.
• 40% of medical consultations in Bangui are from malaria.
• Malaria is the No. 1 killer of children aged 0 to 5 years in Bangui. • Bangui
is the city (the capital) in the world where infant mortality is highest: 201% o.
• 27% of births are performed at home. •
early fertility rates high among young people aged 14 to 20: about 35%.
• Inadequate health personnel (doctors, paramedics).
• Lack of medical specialists. • Inadequate and outdated
of public health facilities.
• Inadequate health facilities in ambulances for evacuation of serious cases to hospitals.
• A lack of education of people on the basic precautions of hygiene and sanitation
.
• Absence of national standards in strategies for health and hygiene. •
unbridled sexual behavior of adolescents in Bangui.
6: Hygiene A] -stagnant waters overflow the road works.
-holes through lawless areas for the manufacture of bricks.
-Water impoundment (breeding).
B] The faeces -
80% of households use traditional latrines Bangui.
- 89%
des ménages Banguissois ne disposent pas d’installations sanitaires hygiéniques adéquates.
-
72% des latrines de Bangui n'ont pas de surface en dalle et manquent de toiture les abritant de la pluie.
-La gestion des excréta humains.
-La contamination des sols par les eaux de ruissellement émanant des latrines.
-Le niveau de construction des latrines à 0° du sol.
-La gestion des eaux grises (douches,bacs à laver,puisards...)
C] Environnement - Déboisement accéléré du couvert forestier naturel et des plantations d'arbres d'aménagement urbain,
sciemment entretenu par certaines structures économiques de la place de Bangui;
-Dégradation des sols sous l'effet des érosions;
-Aucune mesure pour réduire l'ensablement de l'Oubangui;
-Disparition de certains cours d'eau et de certaines sources d'eau Banguissoises.
-La pollution de la nappe phréatique et des puits ;
-Absence de système d’évacuation et de traitement des eaux usées et des eaux de pluie;
-Habitats insalubres;
-Accroissement inquiétant du niveau d'alcoolisme;
- Insuffisance de marchés aménagés;conditions de vente des produits de consommation;
-Absence de mesure visant à la gestion et au traitement des ordures ménagères et industrielles;
-Incinération household garbage;
-Bush fires on the hills of Bangui and the surrounding forests that promote runoff and exacerbate the effects of erosion;
-use gutters for landfills by individuals;
- cohabitation with polluting industrial units (for example UCATEX and now SAVEX).
7: Food-Poverty-Unemployment • 52.9% of the population of Bangui can not afford a minimum diet.
• 11.29% of the population suffer from malnutrition Bangui.
• 12.4% of children are considered Bangui as emaciated.
• 37% of children in Bangui record growth retardation. •
21.5% of children are underweight Bangui. •
79% of the population of Bangui are struck by poverty with 56% by extreme poverty.
• 33% of the population live poor Bangui. • Bangui
participates for 70% of the grid national urban poverty, poor or 7 out of 10 in Bangui Central African Republic are the top ten cities.
• The informal sector is the largest provider of jobs
with nearly 90% of assets.
• The unemployment rate in Bangui is
21%.
• The rate of underemployment in Bangui is
51%. • 54%
assets occupied Bangui have wages below the minimum wage
, ie less than 35,000 CFA
per month less than 53 euros
month. • 60%
Bangui job seekers are between 15 and 30.
• The military and political crises of 1996 to 2003 resulted in the loss of nearly 7,000 jobs outside the informal sector. • 60%
assets Bangui have no level school. • 30%
assets Bangui have a level equivalent to primary school.
• 9% of assets Bangui have a level equivalent to secondary school. • 1%
assets Bangui have a grade equivalent to level.
8: Education • Lack of school infrastructure.
• Insufficient teaching staff. •
unsafe classrooms.
• Low enrollment of girls.
• Lack of technical schools. • Staff
plethora of students per class and institutions.
• The situation in the ground I: -124
schools
-Global Workforce: 112,000 students in September 2009;
-Number of classrooms: 1329 to 60,335 seats;
-1300 Teachers;
-86 pupils 1 teacher;
-53% of boys and 47% girls.
• The situation in basic and secondary II General
- 21 institutions;
- Global Workforce: 35,000 pupils in September 2009;
-Number of classrooms: 177 for 12,000 seats; -800
Teachers;
-43.75 students to 1 teacher.
• 61% of boys and 39% girls.
9: Transport • Poor condition of roads in almost all districts of Bangui.
• Poor condition of transport routes neighborhoods.
• Communication channels in poor condition and impassable during the rainy season.
• High price of public transport for the scholarship through Bangui.
• No real local transport policy.
10: Urbanization wild •
67% of the urban area of the city of Bangui is not off. •
precarious living conditions, unsanitary conditions.
• Sub-equipment: drainage, roads, facilities, urban services, water, electricity.
• The laissez-faire policy to urban planning.
• Lack of efficient tools for urban management. •
archaic land tenure of the registration of buildings and property titles, the Code of Federal and planning regulations (including compliance remains at the stage to mind).
• Development of non-integrated neighborhoods and occupations lawless areas where construction is not (especially flooding).
10: A serious flood risk • The configuration of the city of Bangui does not exhaust the easy evacuation of large amounts of water that befell her and the entire watershed during the storms of the rainy season. Being mainly swampy and prone to flooding, the area of Bangui
should receive special attention in terms of books intended to take this aspect into account.
• 1 / 3 of the urbanized area is a group of former marshland of which 60% are located in flood zones.
11: Ghettos refuges • Religion. •
concentrations by ethnic neighborhood.
• The exponential growth of Bars (dancing, Nganda, restaurant ...).
12: Insecurity • Insufficient evidence of safety in the Borough.
• The mistrust vis-à-vis the forces of defense and security.
• Lack of facilities and proper tools to work for security services.
• The use of auxiliary equipment which is for most offenders, perpetrators of abuses and blunders
on populations.
• Robbery.
• Harassment police.
III: Bangui, CAR and the future The various data above are not intended to suggest that a cataclysm will befall next Bangui. I named this forum: Bangui is it our future?
Indeed the problems of Bangui, which only a portion has been presented in this forum, are also the problems of Central Africa. The Central Birao, Babou, Salo, Djema to recognize himself in this diagnosis because all latitudes of our country's ills are almost identical to the national level. Thus, solving the problems of Bangui is also the resolve of those Entire RCA.
I would not wish to be seen as condoning the maker of the "Bangui", this kind of political heresy of placing Bangui and its people above all the rest of the country. CAR, in my view, is not that Bangui Bangui and will never be the RCA. Yet it is obvious that the fate of Bangui, we like it or not, determines our future as a single entity that is double as Territory and Nation.
The challenge of the mandate of 2005 was to make the Central subject and at the same time the author's history. The time for assessment will come in the forthcoming elections, and the people decide. But the challenge of the upcoming mandate includes primary contours whose evocation, thrilled, as the configuration of the road before us seems perilous, arouses curiosity and pushes the determination and commitment. For, this challenge will mean that will lay the foundations
to trigger the mechanism for the birth of the new CAR.
And build a new Central means above all, trigger new opportunities to consolidate the desire to live together in harmony and look in one direction, the future of Central Africa and the Central African people.
After this long journey the desert that has lasted over 50 years, we need a new challenge, a new challenge, a new dream.
A: What now? The choice of the founding of Bangui met the requirements of the mission Dolisie which aimed to take control of territories on the right bank of the Oubangui. Thus, our town was founded to allow penetration and takeover of the territory which later became RCA. This choice was born Bangui and 3 villages of the island it was before, an urban area of 94 square kilometers and more than one million people has developed.
Bangui, telle que nous la connaissons aujourd'hui, n'est pas notre choix, notre rêve et encore moins notre fierté. Les propos tenus ici sont loin de constituer un plaidoyer en faveur de l'abandon de Bangui. Mais j'aimerai à faire remarquer que le jour où une catastrophe surviendra, personne ne pourra prétendre n'avoir pas été mis au courant: SAVOIR, C'EST AVOIR CONSCIENCE.
Toutes les données récapitulatives des problèmes (non exhaustifs) de Bangui ci-dessus, sont extraites à partir des rapport officiels ou de publications scientifiques, dont les copies garnissent les armoires de différentes administrations à Bangui. La situation de Bangui n'est donc un secret pour personne.
It is well known. And, faced with this evidence, it confronts us Central, where we come from and where we find ourselves at the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, a simple question: "What do we do? 'or' What shall we do now that everything seems to come so badly for the center of momentous decisions of life across the country? "In my mind needed a tentative answer:" BUILDING A NEW CAPITAL. "
A change is beneficial only when out of sight of mind to make real in the lives of humans. We can remove all the slogans of the world or all catalogues de programmes de campagnes électorales, mais tant qu'ils n'induiront pas une nette amélioration des situations concrètes des masses centrafricaines, ils auront été de simples gadgets électoraux.
Avant de se fixer définitivement à Bangui et de devenir plus tard la capitale de la RCA, le chef lieu du territoire du Haut-Oubangui était jadis mouvante, en fonction des intérêts du colon. D'abord à Possel (Fort-Possel), il a été ensuite Bangui pour y demeurer jusqu'à ce jour. Le vécu quotidien de Bangui plaide largement en faveur de ce transfert qui sera aussi un moyen de décentraliser le pouvoir et de procéder à un rééquilibrage démographique enrolled in a comprehensive plan.
Install the power center of the Central African Republic in an environment designed for him, shall contribute to its stability and especially to its effectiveness. It will also be part of the strong response we must bring to the various problems related to the site of Bangui.
B: But what future for Bangui? With the level of knowledge that is ours today, if we should return to the year 0 of the city of Bangui, and the question of the choice of settlement in the current site arose, I take the risk of saying that it's not who would have won. But despite
all its structural problems and physical Bangui is our history and our mirror through. But a mirror that reflects our inability to take charge of our destiny and to provide solutions to our existential problems. Taking part for transferring the capital to another city does not mean that I preach the gospel of giving up or moving of Bangui
problems Bangui to another location.
As we have undoubtedly found by analyzing the summary data, Bangui is facing various problems it is to respond immediately and with pragmatism. In addition to problems physics related to the nature of the site, 2 / 3 Bangui problems originate from the conscious or unconscious actions developed by man. To be able
face and mitigate their impact, it seems imperative to carry out its aération3.
Indeed, because of pressure from the man, we are witnessing a drastic depletion of natural resources in and around Bangui. The peri-urban agriculture can no longer respond to local needs. Energy resources, particularly timber, are increasingly rares4. If nothing is done within the next ten years, the city of Bangui experience a serious supply crisis
, whose consequences will be, at least unpredictable, which will among other names: inflation, extreme poverty, desolation, crime, environmental degradation irreversible ...
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3 For ventilation, I mean the series of actions whose ultimate objective is allow the city of Bangui to find a balance. Et .. aerate Bangui is to reduce the number of its population, reducing its size and it finally control urbanization, population growth and therefore its space.
4 yards to the refueling Bangui homes are increasingly distant witness a decline of more than accelerated forest edge of the southwest. This is due to the impact of agglomeration on the site Bangui Bangui and the surrounding areas because of its rapid population growth and spatial occupation catastrophic and uncontrolled.
C: But ... and RCA in? One can not seriously talk about the future without mentioning one of Bangui in the CAR in its entirety. Because, in my opinion, the future of Bangui is also the CAR, which will necessarily solving the problem of lot of Bangui.
Indeed, Bangui, by its importance on the national scene, capitalizes on its own, the sum of all our past mistakes and present. This city is the mirror of our downfall and the reflection of our non-choice. Give him a new status can only be part of an overall plan.
This forum is not therefore claim to show any major project in this direction. But rather an initiator of the debate whose ultimate aim is to prepare the Central tomorrow, giving an outline sketch from today.
The project to transfer the Central African capital to a city that CAR choose sovereign by referendum, and the construction of aeration of the city of Bangui, inserted into a comprehensive program that integrates:
- urban development,
- the demographic balance,
- the development of agriculture,
- modernization urban centers,
- the redeployment of the administration and authority throughout the national territory,
- the creation of regional development centers.
That program will be a peaceful dream about which we CAR we will meet to form the
Bêafrîka''way of life.'' Such a project, such an ambition and more of the objectives I hope will be hopeful and hope because it is capable of generating jobs, thousands of direct and indirect jobs. Who will have the merit of the people, the whole country to work.
Conclusion I realize that talking about the future in a socio-political and economical when feverish, where everything leads us to believe that we are moving surely towards that moment when the danger could reach its peak, may appear surreal. I concede. But it reflects the youth, my generation. Et refusing .. de succomber à ce que d'aucuns qualifient à juste titre de centropessimisme ambiant, j'ai fait le choix de parier sur l'avenir. Question simple de considérer le présent sur le principe de la projection sur le lendemain dont massivement dépend le devenir du pays. Et c'est cela le fondement logique de cette tribune.
Bon anniversaire à Bangui et à tous les Banguissois.
Clément BOUTE-MBAMBA Post-Scriptum: cette tribune est une occasion pour rendre un hommage à
Cyriaque Rufin Nguimalet et
Yves Boulvert pour leurs divers travaux et publications sur Bangui. Au travers de cet hommage, c'est aussi un encouragement and I express gratitude to the place of people every day, sometimes working in difficult conditions to allow us to have the tools necessary to plan the management of the city.
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Illustration: www.vospiresamis.net - www.google.com - Cyriac Rufin Nguimalet
